교육 기관
Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins
France's underwater sports federation; its national cave diving commission runs a Plongeur Souterrain 1-3 ladder built around three diving zones.
The FFESSM's Commission Nationale de Plongée Souterraine (CNPS) organises cave diver training for members holding at least FFESSM Niveau 2, and publishes a cave training manual (MFPS) and a cave logbook [1]. Its qualifications are Plongeur Souterrain 1, 2 and 3 (PS1-PS3), each defined against three zones: Zone 1 is the area under a roof lit by daylight; Zone 2 is an equipped (lined) cave with decompression stops of no more than 30 minutes, total immersion of no more than 90 minutes and a 40 m depth limit on air; Zone 3 is any cave, with depth limited only by the gases used [2][3][4].
PS1 is a learner level that dives Zone 2 with a PS3; PS2 dives Zone 2 in pairs in already-lined sumps; PS3 is fully autonomous in any zone and may accompany PS1 divers [2][3][4]. The PS1 and PS2 documents refer to a rule of quarters for gas planning, which differs from the rule of thirds used by many other agencies [2][3]. Divers certified elsewhere are assessed by an FFESSM cave instructor where no equivalence is recognised [2].
3 코스
동굴 관련 코스
해당 기관의 공식 코스 또는 기준 페이지에 게재된 내용을 기준으로 하며, 공식 페이지가 기준입니다. 다른 곳의 유사한 명칭이 자동으로 동일하다고 볼 수 없습니다.
| 코스 | 사전 요건 | 범위 및 공개된 제한 사항 |
|---|---|---|
| Plongeur Souterrain 3 (PS3) ↗어드밴스드 케이브 · 확인됨 2026-10-14 | Current FFESSM licence; medical certificate less than one year old; complementary insurance; PS2. | Full autonomy in cave diving and the ability to accompany a PS1 diver safely (as an example, not as a teacher). Seven technical competency groups plus two accompanying-skills groups; at least 40 cave dives in at least six different caves, including two multi-sump caves.As published (version 2020-01-01): may dive alone or with a diver of equal or higher level in any zone, with no FFESSM limit on duration or depth (Zone 3 depth is limited by the gases used). |
| Plongeur Souterrain 2 (PS2) ↗풀 케이브 · 확인됨 2026-10-14 | Current FFESSM licence; medical certificate less than one year old; complementary insurance; FFESSM Niveau 3 or a recognised equivalent; PS1. | Autonomy in pairs in already-lined sumps: specialist equipment, line management and repair, gas planning, reading the cave and adapting logistics, decompression management, and handling environment- or equipment-related incidents. Continuous assessment of seven competency groups, at least 20 cave dives in at least three different caves, and a theory test of up to one hour.As published (version 2020-01-01): may dive in pairs within Zone 2 with a diver of equal or higher level; PS2 divers may dive as a three under the responsibility of a CNPS instructor on site. Limited in depth and duration to Zone 2. |
| Plongeur Souterrain 1 (PS1) ↗인트로 케이브 · 확인됨 2026-10-14 | Current FFESSM licence; FFESSM Niveau 2 or a recognised equivalent; medical certificate less than one year old; complementary accident and repatriation insurance; parental authorisation for minors. | A learner cave qualification: rigging the diver's own equipment (maximum twin 12-litre cylinders), buoyancy and trim, line following including crossing lines and handling entanglement with a blacked-out mask, gas planning with the rule of quarters, light management, buddy awareness, decompression planning, basic karst science and the administrative framework. Five competency groups validated by a cave instructor and recorded in a personal logbook.As published (version 2020-01-01): may dive in lined caves within Zone 2 only when accompanied by a diver of at least PS3 level. Zone 2 limits are decompression stops of no more than 30 minutes, total immersion of no more than 90 minutes and 40 m depth on air. |
추가 읽을거리
Cave diver training stages and terminology
Cavern and cave diving: what is the difference
How to choose a cave instructor or training provider
Keeping skills current: continuing education, currency and mentoring
이 페이지의 모든 정보와 출처 (3)
| 정보 항목 | 상태 | 출처 |
|---|---|---|
| FFESSM cave training is offered to divers holding at least FFESSM Niveau 2 and leads to Plongeur Souterrain 1, 2 and 3. | 확인됨 | [1] [2] [3] [4] |
| FFESSM defines Zone 1 as daylight-lit overhead, Zone 2 as a lined cave with no more than 30 minutes of stops, 90 minutes total immersion and 40 m on air, and Zone 3 as any cave with depth limited by gas.Version dated 2020-01-01. | 확인됨 | [2] |
| The PS1 and PS2 competency documents refer to a rule of quarters for gas management. | 확인됨 | [2] [3] |
확인됨: 직접 열람한 공식 또는 1차 출처에서 명시된 정보입니다. 보고됨: 2차 출처에서만 확인된 정보입니다. 출처 간 상충: 비고에 두 가지 내용이 모두 기재되어 있습니다. 최신 정보가 아닐 수 있음: 확인된 가장 최근 출처가 오래된 경우입니다.
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