الحفاظ على البيئة البحرية
National Speleological Society
The US membership organisation for cavers, founded in 1941, which supports cave science, conservation and exploration, owns or manages cave preserves, and is the parent body of the NSS Cave Diving Section and of projects such as the WKPP and QRSS.
The NSS states that it was founded in 1941, has more than 8,000 members in over 250 local chapters (grottos), and is a non-profit dedicated to the scientific study of caves and karst, to protecting caves through conservation, ownership, stewardship and education, and to responsible exploration [1]. It owns 19 cave preserves and manages four more under memoranda of understanding; each preserve has its own management plan and visits require a permit [2]. Its Conservation Division coordinates local cave conservation task forces and publishes cave conservation and restoration guidance [3].
For cave divers the NSS matters in several ways. Its Cave Diving Section (NSS-CDS) trains cave divers and owns or manages Florida dive sites [4]. In January 2026 the NSS appealed for support to defend its Mill Creek Sink Nature Preserve in Alachua County, Florida, saying proposed developments around the sink risked stormwater and non-point-source pollution reaching the Floridan aquifer, and that it had hired lawyers to represent its interests as landowner [5]. Exploration projects such as the Woodville Karst Plain Project have operated as official NSS projects [6].
مزيد من القراءة
A short history of underwater cave exploration: dated milestones
Conservation, landowners and responsible access
How underwater caves are surveyed and studied
Life in flooded caves: stygofauna, remipedes and the diver's footprint
Threats to underwater caves today, and how they are protected
Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival ↗
كل حقيقة في هذه الصفحة مع مصدرها (5)
| حقيقة | الحالة | المصدر |
|---|---|---|
| The NSS was founded in 1941. | موثق | [1] |
| The NSS reports more than 8,000 members and over 250 grottos.Self-reported, undated page. | موثق | [1] |
| The NSS owns 19 cave preserves and manages 4 others, and requires a permit for visits to all of them. | موثق | [2] |
| In January 2026 the NSS said nearby proposed development threatened its Mill Creek Sink Nature Preserve with stormwater and non-point-source pollution and that it had engaged lawyers.Published 2026-01-11; outcome not known. | موثق | [5] |
| The WKPP was accepted as an official NSS project on 1990-10-24. | موثق | [6] |
موثق: مُصرَّح به من مصدر رسمي أو أولي فتحناه. مُبلَّغ عنه: من مصدر ثانوي فقط. المصادر متضاربة: تتضمن الملاحظة النسختين. قد يكون قديماً: أحدث مصدر وجدناه قديم.
مكتوب بأسلوبنا الخاص من المصادر أعلاه. الإبلاغ عن تصحيح