Cenote El Zapote (Hells Bells)
Level 4 - Expert: CREER cenote level (guided cavern diving) [1] [2] (CREER describes Level 4 as beyond Level 3, dark and for experienced divers only; maximum 3 divers per guide.). ये श्रेणियाँ उस नामित योजना की अपनी हैं; ये बताती हैं कि किसी site के लिए किस प्रशिक्षण की ज़रूरत होती है।
A deep, stratified sinkhole about 52 m deep, known for bell-shaped calcite formations ('Hells Bells') hanging in and above a turbid layer; CREER rates it Level 4 (Expert).
Cenote El Zapote is a deep sinkhole whose walls carry large bell-shaped calcite formations, nicknamed Hells Bells, that partly extend into a white, cloudy layer in the water. A 2022 study in Geobiology links that turbid layer to a pelagic redoxcline, a boundary where oxygen-poor, sulphide-rich water meets the water above, and argues that microbes there promote calcite precipitation that may help the bells grow.
QRSS lists 'Cenote Zapote (Cenote Hells Bells)' among the deep underwater caves of Quintana Roo at 51.8 m, with 301 m of surveyed length. CREER rates it Level 4 (Expert), its most demanding regular category for guided cavern tours, limited to experienced divers at no more than three per guide. Under the Jungle describes the sinkhole sites on the Ruta de los Cenotes outside Puerto Morelos as advanced.
The Hells Bells are fragile and scientifically important; divers are expected to keep clear of them.
पर्यावरण
Deep, dark sinkhole with stratified water, a turbid redoxcline layer and hanging calcite bells.
परिस्थितियाँ
Stratified water with a cloudy turbid layer at depth; light is limited. Typical conditions only.
प्रकाशित स्रोतों से सामान्य अनुमानित दायरे, वर्तमान परिस्थितियाँ नहीं।
इस पृष्ठ का हर तथ्य, अपने source के साथ (6)
| तथ्य | स्थिति | स्रोत |
|---|---|---|
| QRSS lists Cenote Zapote (Cenote Hells Bells) at a depth of 51.8 m and a surveyed length of 301 m (Bertoni/Harris, 11/2013).Survey figure from 2013. | पुराना हो सकता है | [3] |
| Large bell-shaped calcite formations called Hells Bells were found underwater in the stratified cenote El Zapote, together with a white turbid layer that overlaps the pelagic redoxcline; the study proposes microbially induced calcite precipitation as a contributor to their growth.Abstract read via the PubMed record (doi:10.1111/gbi.12492). | सत्यापित | [4] |
| CREER rates Zapote as Level 4 (Expert), with cavern diving listed as open.Identification of CREER's 'Zapote' with the Hells Bells cenote is based on the shared name; QRSS also lists a separate Sistema Zapote-Camilo. | सत्यापित | [1] [2] |
| CREER Level 4 requires the Level 3 requirements plus a previous Level 3 cenote dive and advanced open-water certification, with at most 3 divers per guide. | सत्यापित | [2] |
| Under the Jungle describes the sinkholes of the Ruta de los Cenotes just outside Puerto Morelos as advanced sites that are sinkholes rather than caverns.The sources used do not state El Zapote's exact location, so no area is given. | रिपोर्ट किया गया | [6] |
| Under the Jungle adds a 50 USD surcharge for Zapote and groups it with sites requiring previous cavern experience and advanced open-water certification.January 2026 price list. | रिपोर्ट किया गया | [5] |
सत्यापित: किसी आधिकारिक या प्राथमिक स्रोत से पुष्टि हुई जिसे हमने खोला। रिपोर्ट किया गया: केवल द्वितीयक स्रोत से। स्रोतों में मतभेद: नोट में दोनों संस्करण दिए गए हैं। पुराना हो सकता है: हमें मिला सबसे नया स्रोत भी पुराना है।
ऊपर दिए गए sources से हमारे अपने शब्दों में लिखा गया। सुधार की रिपोर्ट करें