洞穴系统
Émergence du Ressel
Measured development of the flooded network from the 2005 survey, published on the FFS-hosted site in July 2017: sump lengths given as S1 3,095 m, S2 434 m, S3 89 m, S4 5 m, S5 242 m, S6 1,335 m. Older descriptions number the sumps differently (five sumps). The main line to the end is given as 4,415 m. The FFS fiche gives a low point of -78 m in sump 1, about 1,870 m from the entrance; InDEPTH (2021) gives 83 m for sump 1.
A karst resurgence that opens in the bed of the river Célé near Marcilhac-sur-Célé. It is the best-known cave dive in the Lot, and a German-led survey completed in 2005 measured its flooded passages at 5,860 m.
The Ressel is a resurgence: a spring where an underground river returns to the surface. Its entrance lies under water in the river Célé, roughly 60 m upstream of the point where divers enter the river, and the murky river water gives way to clear spring water at about 3 m depth.
Beyond the entrance a gravel slope leads into a wide, low-roofed gallery floored with fallen rock slabs. The gallery splits and rejoins before a large shaft, below which the first sump (a fully flooded section of cave) continues deep for well over a kilometre before rising to an air surface. Further sumps, shorter and mostly shallow, alternate with air-filled canals and chambers.
The cave is widely used for training and recreational cave dives in its first few hundred metres, and Divernet describes it as the area's main training cave, often busy near the entrance. The deep sections and the sumps beyond the first are expedition territory, where the FFS fiche warns of poor air in at least one dry chamber.
The Ressel's significance lies in its long exploration history, from the first dives in 1968 through Olivier Isler's first crossing of sump 1 in 1990 to the complete survey published in 2017, and in its role as the reference cave for the many visiting cave divers who base themselves in the Lot.
水况、水流与洪水
The spring discharges directly into the Célé. A Dutch dive-site guide reports that flow is usually limited but increases markedly after rain and that the entrance may become unreachable after heavy rainfall; InDEPTH notes that when the cave is full a boil can be seen on the river surface. The FFS fiche reports that a passage beyond sump 1 carries most of the flow in normal conditions and that air in the bivouac chamber beyond sump 2 can be high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen.
为何重要
One of the most frequently dived cave resurgences in Europe, explored by French, Swiss, German and British divers over five decades, with a complete survey of 5,860 m of flooded passage completed in 2005.
环境条件
Typical values only. Visibility and flow change with rainfall; a site guide's log reports visibility falling to about 3 m after rain in June 2021, and InDEPTH describes visibility of more than 10 m near the entrance.
典型范围来自已发表资料，不代表当前实际状况。
测量与探索历史
| 1968 | Divers from the Groupe Spéléo Auvergnat (Debras and Martin) make the first recorded exploration, to about 150 m. [1] |
| 1975-08 | J.-L. Camus reaches about 300 m and 30 m depth, stopping at the top of the shaft. [1] |
| 1977-08 | Fantoli and Touloumdjian reach 45 m depth about 350 m from the entrance. [1] |
| 1990-08-12 | Olivier Isler makes the first crossing of sump 1. [3] |
| 1991-05 | German-led survey campaigns begin; they continue until 2005. [2] |
| 1999 | Divers reach the end of what was then called sump 5. [3] |
入口与潜点
One entrance is documented, under water in the river Célé, reached from roadside paths and a short wade or swim.
仅供方位参考，不可用于导航。空心圆点为大致位置。
本页所有信息及其来源 (17)
| 信息条目 | 状态 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| The flooded network of the Ressel has a measured development of 5,860 m according to the complete 2005 survey.Survey 1991-2005 by German teams, published on the FFS-hosted site in July 2017. | 已核实 | [2] |
| The survey campaigns ran from May 1991 to October 2005. | 已核实 | [2] |
| Sump 1 reaches a low point of about 78 m roughly 1,870 m from the entrance before rising to the surface.FFS fiche: -78 m. InDEPTH (2021): sump 1 is 1,850 m long and 83 m deep. | 来源存在冲突 | [1] [3] |
| The topography is credited to the Höhlenforschungsgruppe Kirchheim, the Höhlen-Interessengemeinschaft Ostalb and the Landesverein für Höhlenkunde in der Steiermark. | 已核实 | [2] |
| The first recorded exploration was in 1968 by Debras and Martin of the Groupe Spéléo Auvergnat, to about 150 m. | 已核实 | [1] [3] |
| Fantoli and Touloumdjian reached 45 m depth at about 350 m from the entrance.FFS fiche dates this to August 1977; InDEPTH dates it to 1975. | 来源存在冲突 | [1] [3] |
| Olivier Isler made the first crossing of sump 1 on 12 August 1990. | 已报告 | [3] |
| Water temperature is given as about 14 °C.Divernet gives about 14 °C as an average for Lot caves generally. | 已报告 | [4] [5] |
| A dive-site guide gives typical visibility of 10 to 20 m, averaging 15 m, with lower visibility after rain. | 已报告 | [4] |
| Flow increases considerably after rain and the entrance may be inaccessible after heavy rainfall. | 已报告 | [4] |
| Air in the bivouac chamber beyond sump 2 can contain high carbon dioxide and low oxygen. | 已核实 | [1] |
| A sign at the access point reminds divers to leave the place clean and that toilets are in the village.Fiche undated. | 已核实 | [1] |
| A Dutch dive-site guide lists access as free with no permit needed. | 已报告 | [4] |
| The car park is often almost full on weekdays with cave divers' vehicles.Trip described took place in October 2022; article published 2025. | 已报告 | [5] |
| A Dutch dive-site guide describes the Ressel as for experienced cave divers only and deeper than 46 m for experienced CCR cave divers only.Guide's recommendation, not a rule set by an authority. | 已报告 | [4] |
| The entrance is published at N 44°33'43" E 1°46'19". | 已核实 | [1] [6] |
| The entrance is published at N 44°33'43" E 1°46'19". | 已核实 | [1] [6] |
已核实：来自我们直接查阅的官方或主要来源。已报告：仅来自二手来源。来源存在冲突：注释中列出两种版本。可能已过时：我们找到的最新来源已有一定年代。
由我们根据上述来源以自己的文字整理撰写。 提交更正