Gruta do Lago Azul
A 2002 magazine article gives the lake as 90 m deep; no published survey was found, so treat this as approximate.
A protected limestone cave near Bonito whose sloping main chamber ends in a clear underground lake, where divers found Pleistocene mammal bones in 1992. Public visits are guided walking tours; no public diving offer was found.
Gruta do Lago Azul is a limestone cave about 21 km from Bonito. A circular entrance about 40 m across lets sunlight into a large chamber whose floor slopes steeply down to an underground lake more than 50 m long. When sunlight strikes the water, for part of each year, the lake turns an intense blue that gives the cave its name. It is one of Bonito's best-known landmarks and was listed by Brazil's national heritage institute IPHAN in 1978.
In 1992 a team of Brazilian and French divers found bones of extinct Pleistocene mammals on the lake floor, including giant ground sloths, armadillos and sabre-toothed cats. Sources give their age as roughly 10,000 to more than 12,000 years. The lake is also home to Potiicoara brasiliensis, a blind, unpigmented crustacean about 7 mm long first identified there in the late 1980s.
The cave is part of a state Natural Monument whose management plan was approved by the Mato Grosso do Sul environment institute IMASUL in July 2022. Because caves are federal property, the federal government ceded the cave to the municipality of Bonito in 2021 for 20 years, and the municipality runs the visits.
Visits are guided walking tours. The state visitation order reviewed for this record (2012) covered contemplative visits only and said nothing about diving, and no current public diving offer was found. The lake is therefore listed here for its scientific importance, not as a dive site.
为何重要
Divers' finds on the lake floor in 1992 revealed a deposit of Pleistocene large-mammal bones, including giant sloths, armadillos and sabre-toothed cats. The lake is also known for cave-adapted aquatic fauna, including the 7 mm crustacean Potiicoara brasiliensis; a 2002 report said eight troglobitic (cave-restricted) aquatic species had been identified in Bonito's caves.
环境条件
Sunlight reaches the lake in the morning in some months; sources give September to February for the strongest blue colour. Visits are walking tours, so water conditions are not published.
典型范围来自已发表资料，不代表当前实际状况。
测量与探索历史
| 1924 | The cave was found by Terena Indigenous people, according to a show-cave reference. [5] |
| 1978 | IPHAN listed the cave as protected heritage. [4] [6] |
| 1985 | The first gate restricting unlimited tourist access was installed. [7] |
| 1992 | Brazilian and French divers found Pleistocene mammal bones on the lake floor. [3] [5] |
| 2012-12-20 | IMASUL authorised contemplative tourist visits with a daily cap of 305 visitors. [1] |
| 2021-01-20 | The federal Secretariat of Union Property authorised ceding the cave to the municipality of Bonito for 20 years. [4] |
| 2022-07-12 | IMASUL approved the Natural Monument's management plan. [2] |
入口与潜点
One large circular entrance, about 40 m across, reached on guided tours.
本页所有信息及其来源 (16)
| 信息条目 | 状态 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| The circular entrance is about 40 m in diameter and the underground lake is more than 50 m long. | 已报告 | [4] [6] |
| The cave was listed by IPHAN in 1978.IPHAN's own document could not be opened (link redirects). | 已报告 | [4] [6] |
| The underground lake is 90 m deep.Single figure from a 2002 magazine article; no survey found. | 信息可能已过时 | [3] |
| The cave is 143 m long and 80 m wide with a sloping floor.2002 figure. | 信息可能已过时 | [3] |
| In 1992 divers found bones of Pleistocene mammals on the lake floor, including giant ground sloths, armadillos and sabre-toothed cats.No peer-reviewed description of the deposit was found in this review. | 已报告 | [3] [5] [4] |
| The animals' age is given as about 12,000 years (FAPESP, 2002; over 12,000 years in the 2021 report) or about 10,000 years (Showcaves).Sources disagree; neither cites a dating study. | 来源存在冲突 | [3] [4] [5] |
| Potiicoara brasiliensis, a blind, unpigmented spelaeogriphacean crustacean about 7 mm long, was identified in the lake in the late 1980s and described by Ana Maria Pires Vanin of USP's Oceanographic Institute.2002 science magazine; original description not opened. | 已报告 | [3] |
| Eight troglobitic aquatic species had been identified in Bonito's caves as of 2002.2002 figure attributed to researcher Nicoletta Moracchioli. | 信息可能已过时 | [3] |
| The first gate restricting unlimited tourist access was installed in 1985, and the municipal government administers the visits, one of the few Bonito attractions under government control. | 已报告 | [7] |
| IMASUL Portaria 257/2012 authorised contemplative tourist visits only, with up to 305 visitors per day, groups of up to 15 plus a guide, at least 20 minutes between groups and no more than four groups inside at once; the authorisation ran to 31 December 2013.2012 document; current visitor limits under the 2022 management plan were not available online in a readable form. | 信息可能已过时 | [1] |
| The 2012 order required a local guide registered with EMBRATUR and Bonito's tourism register, a voucher único issued by the municipality or authorised agencies, a helmet with three-point fastening and closed rubber-soled shoes.2012 rules. | 信息可能已过时 | [1] |
| The 2012 visitation order does not mention diving.Absence of authorisation; no current public diving offer was found in any source reviewed. | 已核实 | [1] |
| IMASUL approved the Natural Monument's management plan by Portaria 1.111 of 12 July 2022. | 已核实 | [2] |
| In January 2021 the federal Secretariat of Union Property (SPU Portaria 496/2021) authorised ceding the cave to the municipality of Bonito for 20 years, with the municipality responsible for managing visits. | 已报告 | [4] |
| Between September and February sunlight on the water makes it an intense blue.FAPESP (2002) gives December and January for sunlight reaching the lake; Showcaves gives about 07:30-09:30 each morning. | 已报告 | [4] |
| The cave is about 21 km from Bonito, on the former Anhumas farm.Show-cave reference. | 已报告 | [5] |
已核实：来自我们直接查阅的官方或主要来源。已报告：仅来自二手来源。来源存在冲突：注释中列出两种版本。可能已过时：我们找到的最新来源已有一定年代。
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