洞穴系统
Sistema Toh Ha
QRSS list entry reported by Berni/Sieff, 12/2018. QRSS list; the 2020 PLOS ONE study gives about 13 m for the Chan Hol section.
A shallow underwater cave of 47,746 m on the QRSS list (2018 figure) that includes the Chan Hol cave south-west of Tulum, where Late Pleistocene and early Holocene human skeletons have been studied.
Sistema Toh Ha grew through a run of connections recorded by QRSS in 2007, when it was joined to Chumkopo Antigua, Chan Hol and Sac Be Ha, and in 2009, when Baab Zotz was added. QRSS lists 21 cenotes and a maximum depth of only about 13 m, making it one of the shallower large systems in the region.
The Chan Hol section is scientifically important. A 2020 study in PLOS ONE describes Chan Hol cenote as about 15 km south-west of Tulum and reports three sets of human remains found inside the cave, including the Chan Hol 3 woman, found in 2016 in a low tunnel more than a kilometre from the entrance. The authors note that the Chan Hol 2 skeleton was taken by unknown cave divers a few weeks after it was discovered, a reminder that archaeological material in these caves is protected and fragile.
The QRSS length figure dates from December 2018 and may be out of date.
水况、水流与洪水
The PLOS ONE study gives a maximum depth of about 13 m for Chan Hol cave and places the halocline at about 9 m water depth there.
为何重要
The Chan Hol section has yielded several prehistoric human skeletons; the Chan Hol 3 woman, found during survey work under INAH permits, was studied as evidence for early human settlement of the Yucatán Peninsula.
测量与探索历史
| 2007-03 | Toh Ha was connected to Chumkopo Antigua and then to Chan Hol, becoming the fifth-longest underwater cave in Quintana Roo according to QRSS. [2] |
| 2007-04 | Toh Ha was connected to Sac Be Ha. [2] |
| 2009-03 | Baab Zotz was connected to Toh Ha. [2] |
| 2016-09 | Cave explorers surveying Chan Hol under INAH permits found the Chan Hol 3 human skeleton. [3] |
入口与潜点
QRSS lists 21 cenotes. No public dive-site arrangements were found in the sources used.
延伸阅读
本页所有信息及其来源 (9)
| 信息条目 | 状态 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| QRSS lists Sistema Toh Ha at 47,746 m, reported by Berni/Sieff in 12/2018.Newest figure found is from December 2018. | 信息可能已过时 | [1] |
| QRSS lists a maximum depth of 12.8 m for Toh Ha. | 已核实 | [1] |
| QRSS lists 21 cenotes for Toh Ha. | 已核实 | [1] |
| QRSS recorded Toh Ha's connections to Chumkopo Antigua and Chan Hol (March 2007), Sac Be Ha (April 2007) and Baab Zotz (March 2009). | 已核实 | [2] |
| Chan Hol cenote lies about 15 km south-west of Tulum and about 11.5 km from the coast.Area given from the Chan Hol section only. | 已核实 | [3] |
| Chan Hol cave reaches about 13 m below present sea level, with the halocline at about 9 m water depth. | 已核实 | [3] |
| The Chan Hol 3 skeleton was found in September 2016 in a low tunnel at 8 m depth, 1,141 m of diving distance from the cenote, during a survey under INAH permits. | 已核实 | [3] |
| The Chan Hol 2 skeleton was stolen by unknown cave divers a few weeks after its discovery.As stated by the PLOS ONE authors. | 已核实 | [3] |
| The Chan Hol research was carried out under permits from INAH. | 已核实 | [3] |
已核实：来自我们直接查阅的官方或主要来源。已报告：仅来自二手来源。来源存在冲突：注释中列出两种版本。可能已过时：我们找到的最新来源已有一定年代。
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