Sharks
Scalloped Hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini · Cartilaginous fish — family Sphyrnidae
A scalloped hammerhead school is the sight that built entire liveaboard industries: dozens to hundreds of animals stacked into the current above a seamount, heads swinging in lazy unison, the edges of the formation dissolving into blue. Up close each shark is modest in size, notched along the front of its cephalofoil, and visibly nervous of divers — the school parts around exhaled bubbles like smoke. They gather by day and vanish at dusk to hunt squid in deep water. Heavy industrial and illegal fishing at the very seamounts that concentrate them has made this Critically Endangered species a symbol of high-seas protection.
在哪里、什么时候能见到
"常驻"表示在该目的地潜水时大多数情况下都能遇见它们；"季节性"表示在所列月份内可靠出现；其他任何情况都是意外惊喜，而非计划中的保障。
| 目的地 | 可靠性 | 月份 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Galápagos IslandsEcuador | Resident — seen on most dives | Year-round | |
| Cocos IslandCosta Rica | Resident — seen on most dives | Jun–Nov | |
| MalpeloColombia | Resident — seen on most dives | 全年皆宜 | |
| Brothers, Daedalus & St John'sEgypt | Seasonal — reliable in season | May–Sep | |
| YonaguniJapan | Seasonal — reliable in season | Dec–Feb | |
| Port Sudan & SanganebSudan | Seasonal — reliable in season | Feb–May |
最佳月份一览
| 月份 | 可靠目的地 |
|---|---|
| January | Galápagos Islands · Malpelo · Yonaguni |
| February | Galápagos Islands · Malpelo · Yonaguni · Port Sudan & Sanganeb |
| March | Galápagos Islands · Malpelo · Port Sudan & Sanganeb |
| April | Galápagos Islands · Malpelo · Port Sudan & Sanganeb |
| May | Galápagos Islands · Malpelo · Brothers, Daedalus & St John's · Port Sudan & Sanganeb |
| June | Galápagos Islands · Cocos Island · Malpelo · Brothers, Daedalus & St John's |
| July | Galápagos Islands · Cocos Island · Malpelo · Brothers, Daedalus & St John's |
| August | Galápagos Islands · Cocos Island · Malpelo · Brothers, Daedalus & St John's |
| September | Galápagos Islands · Cocos Island · Malpelo · Brothers, Daedalus & St John's |
| October | Galápagos Islands · Cocos Island · Malpelo |
| November | Galápagos Islands · Cocos Island · Malpelo |
| December | Galápagos Islands · Malpelo · Yonaguni |
深入了解
栖息地: Seamounts, offshore islands, and current-swept drop-offs by day; disperses into deep water at night to hunt
分布范围: Circumglobal in warm temperate and tropical seas; the famous schools gather at Eastern Pacific seamounts, in the Red Sea, and off Japan
习性: The schooling hammerhead. Hundreds of females may stack into slow-moving daytime schools around seamounts, thought to serve social and navigational functions between night feeding runs. Schools are famously shy of bubbles and noise — breath control and patience produce close passes, chasing produces an empty blue.
食性: Fish, squid, and rays taken on nocturnal hunts in deep water
体型: 通常约 2.5 m; 记录深度可达 4.0 m (total length; schooling females at seamounts typically run 2–3 m).
与它相处时的行为守则
Tuck into the rocks down-current, slow your breathing or hold exhalations as the school passes, and never swim at the wall of sharks. Many operators brief a no-strobe or limited-strobe approach on first contact.
保育
Critically Endangered from decades of fin-driven overfishing; listed on CITES Appendix II. Marine reserves at Cocos, Malpelo, and Galápagos protect key aggregations, though enforcement on the surrounding high seas remains the weak point.
以此著称的已标注潜点
观看
来自官方渠道
Best Places to Dive with Whale Sharks
Outrageously Tiny Fish
Sink or Swim? with Monét X Change | Monterey Bay Aquarium
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